Genetic testing analyzes your DNA to identify changes (mutations) in specific genes. Genes, small sections of DNA, provide the instructions that influence your individual characteristics, such as eye and hair color. These tests can reveal whether you have an increased risk of developing certain health conditions, including some cancers.

Genetic test results fall into three categories: Positive: A gene variation linked to an increased risk of the condition was found. Negative: No disease-causing gene variations were found in the tested genes. This doesn't guarantee you're not at risk, as not all risk-related genes are known. Uncertain: A gene variation was found, but its impact on your risk is unclear.

Genetic testing may be helpful if you've been diagnosed with a condition potentially caused by a faulty gene, or if you have a family history of the condition. Testing can: Explain the cause of your condition or predict your future risk. Inform your treatment and potentially your prognosis. Help your family members understand their own risk.

A genetic test result isn't a crystal ball. For example, a BRCA1 mutation increases your risk of breast cancer, but doesn't guarantee you'll get it. Also, current genetic tests can't detect all risk-related genes, as our understanding of the genome is still incomplete.